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The field of public health entails prevention and education of the general public to help improve the overall health and reduce risks to a population, as opposed to the provision of individual medical treatment to one patient at a time. In other words, people who work in public health do not diagnose or treat patients on an individual basis like doctors and nurses do in a clinical setting. Duties Public health professionals research and track health trends including behavioral, biological, and environmental factors....

Forced menopause or surgical menopause can happen as the result of cancer treatment. It is different from the natural process of menopause, in which the menstrual cycle and the ability to conceive a child slowly ends. Natural menopause can take years to complete from peri-menopause to post-menopause. However, for some women undergoing cancer treatment, menopause occurs in a single day or several weeks because of surgery, chemotherapy, or pelvic radiation therapy....

In children with dangerously low amounts of vitamin D, their body’s ability to absorb nutrients becomes troublesome. When this happens, they can develop rickets, a condition that leads to bone deformities, stunted growth, and easily breakable bones. Vitamin D is an important nutrient that plays a vital role in the absorption of other minerals such as calcium and phosphorous—the two nutrients that work together to help build strong bones. When a growing child isn’t getting the nutrition they need, their bones won’t grow properly and become more susceptible to breaks and unhealthy bending....

If you have surgical scar tissue or scar tissue formation from an injury, you may benefit from physical therapy to help reduce the scar. Your physical therapist can use various techniques, like massage, taping, or stretching, to decrease scar tissue adhesions and formations so you can restore normal functional mobility. Role of Collagen Scar tissue forms after an injury to bodily tissues. If you cut yourself, have surgery, or tear tissue in the body, scar tissue will develop....

Sensory overload is a common problem in fibromyalgia (FMS) and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS.) It’s a symptom that can have a significant effect on your daily life and stop you from doing a lot of the things you enjoy. Sensory overload can make you feel panicky, confused, and overwhelmed. It can result from a variety of things, and the triggers can vary from one of us to another. Hypersensitivity and Sensory Overload Sensory overload may be linked to hypersensitivity, which is believed to be a core mechanism of FMS and ME/CFS....

One of two terminal branches of the internal carotid artery, the middle meningeal artery is a major source of blood for the brain and cranium. It arises behind the condylar process of the mandible, or jawbone, and passes through the foramen spinosum, an opening in the back of the skull. From there, its branches supply the meninges, the three protective layers that surround the brain, as well as the calvaria or skull cap....

Bridget O’Carroll is the founder of Studio Qila, the first Native-owned digital Pilates fitness studio. O’Carroll, who is from the Alaskan Native tribe Alutiiq, has created a space to promote fitness and wellness for BIPOC communities. When gyms forcibly closed due to the pandemic, people had to get creative about how they worked out. Some people used water and wine bottles as dumbbells while others squatted with their friends on their shoulders....

West Nile infection is caused by a mosquito-borne virus. Most people who are infected with the virus don’t have any symptoms or only have a mild illness. However, in a small proportion of cases, West Nile virus can cause severe, life-threatening meningitis (inflammation of the spinal cord) or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). These neurological complications have made the West Nile virus a cause of concern across the globe. West Nile Virus Symptoms It is estimated that 60 to 80% of people who get infected with the West Nile virus have no signs or symptoms of any disease....

A whirlpool may be used by your physical therapist to help improve circulation, mobility, and comfort after an injury or after surgery. But what is really going on when your PT suggests you use a whirlpool in physical therapy? What is whirlpool therapy like? If you have an injury that causes a loss of normal functional mobility, you may be referred to physical therapy by your healthcare provider. Your physical therapist will then begin the process of treating your injury and helping you return to normal function....

Vaping is inhaling vaporized liquid through an electronic cigarette that may or may not contain the stimulant nicotine. Unlike smoking, substances are not burned, so there is no smoke. Even without smoke, vaping can still lead to a sore throat, among other health concerns. Vaping has been associated with lung injuries and deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends avoiding vaping products and e-cigarettes that contain tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, which is the main compound in cannabis that causes the high....

World economies and healthcare systems are still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. Many people are facing new financial, mental, and physical challenges. Investopedia, Verywell Health, and Parents are hosting a free conference for our readers on October 20, 2022, at 1 p.m. EST to answer your timely questions and empower you to make well-informed financial decisions. In-person attendees will have a chance to meet with experts and attend a cocktail hour on the patio....

Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) commonly appears as a rapidly spreading, darkly pigmented patch with varying degrees of colors and irregular borders. It typically emerges on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, or under the nails. Sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) rays do not cause ALM. This article will explain ALM’s common symptoms and complications, and you’ll learn when to see your healthcare provider for evaluation. Frequent Symptoms The earliest sign of acral lentiginous melanoma is an oddly shaped and discolored patch of skin surrounded by normal skin....

Alpha waves are a type of brain wave that’s active while you’re resting, especially when your eyes are closed. They’re most common right before you drift off to sleep. When alpha waves are measured, such as by a sleep doctor, the measurement is generally taken from the occipital region of the brain, which is in the back of your head. They’re recognized by their rhythm, which is between 8 and 13 cycles per second, or hertz (Hz)....

Low-impact exercise is an ideal activity for people with osteoarthritis.Low-impact activities, such as swimming, walking, and bicycling, are less stressful for weight-bearing joints, especially the spine, hips, feet, knees, and ankles. Running and jogging are examples of high-impact exercise. Benefits of Bicycling Bicycling is a great exercise option for people with osteoarthritis. A regular routine of bicycling keeps your knees moving through their range of motion and, at the same time, strengthens the muscles that support your knees....

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors are a relatively new type of medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat and prevent migraines with or without aura. They also can reduce the number of days per month a person gets migraine headaches. Currently, Aimovig (erenumab-aooe), Ajovy (fremanezumab-vfrm), Vyepti (eptinezumab-jjmr), and Emgality (galcanezumab-gnlm) are injections approved for chronic and episodic migraine headaches, while Nurtec (rimegepant) is a pill approved to both prevent headaches and treat migraine headaches in the moment....

Cheyne-Stokes or Hunter-Cheyne-Stokes breathing was first defined in the 1800s by 2 physicians: Dr. John Cheyne and Dr. William Stokes. Cheyne-stokes respirations are a pattern of breathing which is very irregular, and not surprisingly, is sometimes referred to as “agonal breathing.” Overview During Cheyne-Stokes, breathing can be very deep and rapid (hyperpnea), followed by periods of slow shallow breaths, or interrupted by episodes of apnea, in which an individual stops breathing altogether for a period of time....

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) starts in the bone marrow’s white blood cells, specifically the lymphocytes. While the exact cause of CLL isn’t known, experts do know that genes play a role. Risk factors like age and exposure to chemicals may also contribute to the development of this type of cancer. This article will discuss the causes and risk factors of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Common Causes Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that forms from stem cells in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside the bones....

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a condition that makes your eyes feel uncomfortable due to a lack of tears to lubricate your eyes. Dry eye syndrome is a common problem that affects at least an estimated 1 in 20 Americans, or more than 16 million people in the United States. In a 2016 survey, close to 9 out of 10 eye care health professionals felt that increased screen time has contributed to a rise in DES, especially in younger people....

The endocardium is a thin, smooth tissue that makes up the lining of the chambers and valves of the heart. The innermost layer of the heart’s walls, it serves as a barrier between cardiac muscles and the bloodstream and contains necessary blood vessels. It also houses the heart’s conduction system, which regulates the activity of cardiac muscles. Given this vital role—of both directing blood through the heart and regulating heartbeat—problems in the endocardium can have drastic health effects....

Smart Lipo, aka laser lipolysis, is what some believe to be the most powerful new weapon in the war on fat and cellulite. The procedure is the kinder and gentler cousin of traditional liposuction, and the best part is that it can not only help patients lose inches, but can also help reduce the look of cellulite and sagging skin. The Skinny on Smart Lipo Laser lipolysis is a procedure in which localized fat deposits are reduced surgically by means of a special laser housed inside a tiny tube called a cannula....