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Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), often called lobular neoplasia in situ, is a rare, benign (noncancerous) condition. It is characterized by hyperplasia (excess cell proliferation) confined within the lobules of a woman’s breasts. LCIS is not breast cancer. However, women who are diagnosed with the condition have an increased risk of developing breast cancer later in life. LCIS is typically diagnosed in young women who have not gone through menopause. There are several treatment options available to them, and the main objective of treatment is the prevention of breast cancer....

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of four major ligaments that are critical to the stability of the knee joint. A ligament is made of tough fibrous material and functions to control excessive motion by limiting joint mobility. The four major stabilizing ligaments of the knee are the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL), and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL and LCL). The MCL spans the distance from the end of the femur (thigh bone) to the top of the tibia (shin bone) and is on the inside of the knee joint....

In late 2020, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) finalized the Transparency in Coverage Rule. Set to go into effect in 2022, part of the rule is designed to take the mystery out of drug pricing. Key Takeaways The Transparency in Coverage Rule will require health insurers to publish negotiated drug pricing information.The rule is set to go into effect in 2022.On behalf of pharmacy benefits managers (PBMs), a group is suing to block the rule....

Feldene (piroxicam) is a prescription-only nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) most commonly used to treat the pain, swelling, stiffness, and tenderness caused by osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Piroxicam works by stopping the body’s formation of a substance that causes pain, fever, and inflammation. The drug comes in pill form in both 10 and 20 milligram (mg) doses and is taken orally. It is available in the generic form as piroxicam and in the brand name form as Feldene....

A lift chair is similar to a regular recliner. Both types of chairs can be used to recline your position or to extend your feet using a footrest. But there are also differences between a regular recliner and a lift chair. For example, most recliners are operated manually, but a lift chair is controlled by the push of a button. A lift chair has a mechanism that lifts up from the seated position to a vertical position, so you can easily get out of the chair....

A recurrent corneal erosion is a recurring opening or breakdown of the cells on the top layer of the cornea. The cells that make up the top layer of the cornea are called epithelial cells. These epithelial cells are bound tightly to the cornea by the layer underneath, called the Bowman’s layer. Bowman’s layer functions like glue to hold the epithelial cells tightly to the eye. The Bowman’s layer is made of collagen....

If you’re concerned about your memory (or that of a loved one), you might want to take the Self-Administered Gerocognitive Exam (SAGE). The test was developed by researchers at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center as a tool to detect early signs of cognitive (memory or thinking) impairments.It can accurately identify early symptoms of Alzheimer’s and dementia. What Is the SAGE test? SAGE is a self-administered test available online. It has been scientifically evaluated in comparison with other common dementia tests and has been found to be an accurate tool to identify signs of memory and thinking impairment....

When you’ve got fibromyalgia (FMS) or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), refreshing sleep is likely a rare commodity. It’s important for us to sleep as well as we can, and paying close attention to your sleeping environment may help. We have a lot of symptoms that can make sleep difficult, above and beyond any sleep disorders or abnormalities we have. Here, you’ll find some ideas that could help you sleep better....

While the internet is full of suggestions to avoid dairy due to its inflammatory properties, medical research does not appear to support that claim. A new systematic review shows consuming dairy appears to have neutral to beneficial effects on inflammatory markers. Key Takeaways Dairy foods and proteins from milk are often thought to cause inflammation in the body.According to new research, dairy foods and milk proteins do not cause inflammation, and in some cases, even combat inflammation....

According to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), improving the fit of surgical masks by wearing a cloth mask over it (or “double masking”) or knotting its ear loops and tucking in the extra material can more effectively reduce the transmission and exposure to SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Key Takeaways Knotting the ear loops where they attach to the mask’s edges and tucking in the excess material can improve mask fit and further reduce virus transmission....

The hallmark symptom of tinnitus is ringing in one or both ears. However, this condition may also present as a ringing, buzzing, or clicking sound. About one in 10 Americans experienced tinnitus for at least five minutes over the past year. This article will review the most frequent and rare complications of tinnitus and when to see a doctor about symptoms. Frequent Symptoms There are two general types of tinnitus: subjective and objective....

Both men and women can have a significant amount of bone loss due to aging, with older postmenopausal women experiencing a five times greater chance of developing osteoporosis. When you have enough bone loss and poor quality bone to be diagnosed with osteoporosis, your overall health and wellness are at risk as well. If you have been diagnosed with osteoporosis, know that it still isn’t too late to help improve your bones and prevent the fractures that can lead to chronic pain and the inability to walk on your own....

Digestive enzyme supplements are products designed to mimic the effects of naturally occurring digestive enzymes found within our bodies that aid in breaking down and absorbing food. These products are sold over-the-counter with manufacturer claims that they ease stomach problems and are helpful for many different types of health conditions. This overview will educate you as to the most common types of digestive enzymes sold as supplements and help you to decide if such a supplement might be right for you....

The mass shooting in Uvalde killed 19 elementary students and two teachers, leaving the community in grief and despair. This also prompted many in the United States to reevaluate and discuss the devastating impact of gun violence. Key Takeaways Exposure to gun violence can create traumatic disturbances in a child’s life and interfere with their long-term health and development.Most children with traumatic exposure are not identified or do not receive proper treatment....

An adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids. The subject of whether or not adenoids should be removed has been a topic of controversy in the medical community. The controversy resulted from frequently performed unnecessary adenoidectomies, as well as tonsillectomies, which were sometimes combined into one surgery. Despite the controversy, the medical community still supports the removal of the adenoids under certain circumstances. Indications for Adenoid Removal While some healthcare providers still like to remove both the tonsils and the adenoids at the same time, both should be looked at separately before determining whether they should be removed....

Labiaplasty recovery time varies among individuals. In the first week after surgery, you may feel uncomfortable, itchy, and in pain. By the end of the second week, most people can resume normal daily activities. You will need to abstain from sex for at least six weeks, and it can take three to six months to recover fully. Though often considered cosmetic surgery, labiaplasty—a procedure to change the appearance of the skin folds surrounding the urethra and vagina—also has a medical purpose....

UPDATE: As of October 23, AstraZeneca has resumed vaccine trials in the U.S. The company’s clinical trials first resumed in the U.K. on September 12. Key Takeaways AstraZeneca paused Phase 3 clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide.One clinical trial participant in the U.K. reportedly experienced a spinal inflammatory disorder.A committee of independent experts is investigating the illness and will determine when Phase 3 clinical trials can resume. Pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca paused late-stage human clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines around the world on September 9 after a participant in the U....

Sometimes you might associate your IBS symptoms with the foods that you eat. You may have even wondered whether you have a food allergy. Or maybe someone has told you that you should go for allergy testing. Here you will learn about what food allergies actually are and what is known about their relationship with IBS. What Is a Food Allergy? A person is considered to have a food allergy when their immune system reacts to a food substance that is normally considered harmless....

A standard knee replacement surgery is performed through an incision over the front of the knee that measures about 6 to 10 inches long. A minimally-invasive (also called minimal-incision) knee replacement attempts to perform the same surgery through a smaller incision. In order to be called a minimally invasive surgery, the incision is usually less than 5 inches long, and the dissection stays out of the quadriceps muscle above the knee....

Conjoined twins occur when identical twins have fused bodies before they are born. This condition has also been known as “Siamese twins,” named after the first world-recognized set of conjoined twins born in 1811 in Siam, present-day Thailand. “Siamese twins” is now an inappropriate, outdated term. Unfortunately, the majority of conjoined twins die before birth or shortly thereafter. The prognosis for separating conjoined twins depends on where their bodies are connected....