Your healthcare provider may have prescribed you the immunosuppressant drug Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) if your lupus has gotten severe. The “gold standard” drug regimen for treating severe lupus is Cytoxan in combination with the corticosteroid methylprednisolone.
Cytoxan is actually a cancer drug, but in lupus patients, it’s used to treat serious kidney inflammation (including lupus nephritis) or other complications that threaten the organs.
Cytoxan has serious side effects, including birth defects, so you’ll want to learn more about it.
How Cytoxan Works
Cytoxan is used as a chemotherapy agent for cancers including lymphomas, myeloma, and leukemia. According to the American College of Rheumatology, it’s also prescribed for severe, refractory rheumatoid arthritis or severe complications of lupus, myositis, scleroderma, or vasculitis.
Cytoxan is in a class of drugs known as alkylating agents. This means it slows or stops the growth of malignant cells or other rapidly dividing cells, such as white blood cells that attack your body during a lupus flare.
Immunosuppressants such as Cytoxan are used in the treatment of lupus for two main reasons:
- They are potent drugs that help control disease activity in major organs.They may reduce or eliminate the need for steroids.
Cytoxan is usually only given for three to six months until a patient goes into lupus remission. The drug is usually delivered intravenously, but it can be taken orally.
Taken orally, the dosage is based on your medical condition, weight, response to therapy and other treatments you may be receiving. Your healthcare provider will determine the correct dosage and regimen for you.
What Are the Side Effects of Cytoxan?
This drug has many side effects, so it should be closely monitored by your healthcare provider. The side effects include:
- Thin, brittle hairDarkened and thickened skinBlistering skin or acneLoss of appetite or weightFatigueCoughCongestionFeverDizzinessChillsShortness of breathSort throatNauseaVomitingPink/bloody urineMouth sores, blisteringJoint painEasy bruising/bleedingBlack/bloody stoolsSevere stomach/abdominal painSwelling of the ankles/feetIncreased risk of shinglesInfertility
You should also know that Cytoxan is carcinogenic. This means that it’s associated with the development of some types of cancers, especially bladder cancer.
Talk to your healthcare provider right away if you experience any of the following while on Cytoxan:
Before you start taking Cytoxan, be sure to tell your healthcare provider if you:
- Are pregnant, or considering becoming pregnantAre breastfeedingHave ever had kidney diseaseAre allergic to any drugs
An Alternative You Should Know About
A less toxic drug called mycophenolic acid has been shown to significantly reduce steroid dosage for patients with lupus nephritis or treatment-resistant lupus. It’s considered first-line therapy for lupus nephritis and can often replace Cytoxan.
